Capacity building

Grassroots Capacity Building for REDD+ in Asia

This annual progress report highlights key achievements and lessons learned of the Grassroots Capacity Building for REDD+ in Asia project during 2014.

E-learning series: National forest inventory

The national forest inventory (NFI) e-learning series consisting of eight courses provides an overview of the key phases of an NFI, from planning to implementation, and from data gathering to reporting. The series consists of 8 courses, available in English.

Community Monitoring of Natural Resource Systems and the Environment

Community monitoring can track environmental phenomena, resource use, and natural resource management processes of concern to community members. It can also contribute to planning and decision-making and empower community members in resource management. While community monitoring that addresses the environmental crisis is growing, it also gathers data on other global challenges: climate change, social welfare, and health. Some environmental community monitoring programs are challenged by limited collective action and community participation, insufficient state responsiveness to data and proposals, and lack of sustainability over time. Additionally, community members monitoring the environment are increasingly harassed and sometimes killed. Community monitoring is more effective with improved data collection, improved data management and sharing, andstronger efforts to meet community information needs, enable conflict resolution, and strengthen self-determination. Other promising areas for development are further incorporating governance issues, embracing integrated approaches at the community level, and establishing stronger links to national and global frameworks.

The Concept, Practice, Application, and Results of Locally Based Monitoring of the Environment

Locally based monitoring is typically undertaken in areas in which communities have a close attachment to their natural resource base. We present a summary of work to develop a theoretical and practical understanding of locally based monitoring and we outline tests of this approach in research and practice over the past 20 years. Our tests show that locally based monitoring delivers credible data at local scale independent of external experts and can be used to inform local and national decision making within a short timeframe. We believe that monitoring conducted by and anchored in communities will gain in importance where scientist-led monitoring is sparse or too expensive to sustain and for ecosystem attributes in cases in which remote sensing cannot provide credible data. The spread of smartphone technology and online portals will further enhance the importance and usefulness of this discipline.

Creating Synergies between Citizen Science and Indigenous and Local Knowledge

Citizen science (CS) is receiving increasing attention as a conduit for Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) in ecosystem stewardship and conservation. Drawing on field experience and scientific literature, we explore the connection between CS and ILK and demonstrate approaches for how CS can generate useful knowledge while at the same time strengthening ILK systems. CS invites laypersons to contribute observations, perspectives, and interpretations feeding into scientific knowledge systems. In contrast, ILK can be understood as knowledge systems in its own right, with practices and institutions to craft legitimate and useful knowledge. Such fundamental differences in how knowledge is generated, interpreted, and applied need to be acknowledged and understood for successful outcomes. Engaging with complementary knowledge systems using a multiple evidence base approach can improve the legitimacy of CS initiatives, strengthen collaborations through ethical and reciprocal relationships with ILK holders, and contribute to better stewardship of ecosystems.

Connecting Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches in Environmental Observing

Effective responses to rapid environmental change rely on observations to inform planning and decision-making. Reviewing literature from 124 programs across the globe and analyzing survey data for 30 Arctic community-based monitoring programs, we compare top-down, large-scale program driven approaches with bottom-up approaches initiated and steered at the community level. Connecting these two approaches and linking to Indigenous and local knowledge yields benefits including improved information products and enhanced observing program efficiency and sustainability. We identify core principles central to such improved links: matching observing program aims, scales, and ability to act on information; matching observing program and community priorities; fostering compatibility in observing methodology and data management; respect of Indigenous intellectual property rights and the implementation of free, prior, and informed consent; creating sufficient organizational support structures; and ensuring sustained community members’ commitment. Interventions to overcome challenges in adhering to these principles are discussed.

The Use of Digital Platforms for Community-Based Monitoring

Environmental observing programs that are based on Indigenous and local knowledge increasingly use digital technologies. Digital platforms may improve data management in community-based monitoring (CBM) programs, but little is known about how their use translates into tangible results. Drawing on published literature and a survey of 18 platforms, we examine why and how digital platforms are used in CBM programs and illuminate potential challenges and opportunities. Digital platforms make it easy to collect, archive, and share CBM data, facilitate data use, and support understanding larger-scale environmental patterns through interlinking with other platforms. Digital platforms, however, also introduce new challenges, with implications for the sustainability of CBM programs and communities’ abilities to maintain control of their own data. We expect that increased data access and strengthened technical capacity will create further demand within many communities for ethically developed platforms that aid in both local and larger-scale decision-making.

Community-Based Monitoring of Tropical Forest Crimes and Forest Resources Using Information and Communication Technology – Experiences from Prey Lang, Cambodia

The use of smartphones for data collection has opened up new opportunities for communities wishing to engage in community-based monitoring. While information and communication technology (ICT) is able to systematize data collection, complex functions and observation types can present challenges for community members. ICT also may skew community participation towards young men, as they are sometimes more comfortable using smartphones. This study investigates the success and cost-effectiveness of having local forest monitors use ICT to collect data on forest crimes and forest resources in Prey Lang, Cambodia. A workshop was held with the Prey Lang Community Network to identify the resources and illegal activities to be monitored. Guided by the community members, a smartphone app was subsequently developed and a total of 36 community members were trained in its use. We examined the extent to which the capacity of community members to collect data was dependent upon the complexity of the ICT and on their age and gender. We also assessed the costs of the monitoring program over a two-year period. The community members were able to collect large amounts of data regardless of their gender or age. They made 10,842 entries of data on illegal logging and forest resources. Increased complexity of the app had no impact on the proportion of quality data collected. The cost of monitoring resembled other community-based monitoring programs but was notably less than for monitoring by professional foresters. Our findings suggest that local communities with little formal education are able to monitor forest crimes and forest resources cost-effectively using ICT; however, while the documentation collected was highly valuable, software and hardware maintenance, along with the digital data validation process, will continue to require external support.

Citizen science tools for engaging local stakeholders and promoting local and traditional knowledge in landscape stewardship

Citizen science has been proposed as one way of engaging local stakeholders in landscape stewardship (Plieninger and Bieling 2012). Citizen science encompasses a broad array of approaches in which citizens are involved in one or more aspects of assessment and monitoring of the environment (Bonney et al. 2014). In Europe, most citizen science schemes only involve community members in data collection. The design, analysis and interpretation of the assessment results are undertaken by professional researchers. Recently, experiments have been made to involve community members in all aspects of environmental assessment and monitoring, including scheme design, data interpretation and use of the results for decision-making and action (Johnson et al. 2016). Although there are still a number of scientific questions surrounding these approaches and many schemes are still at an early stage of development, the new approaches show a great deal of promise. A topic corresponding with citizen science is the promotion of traditional and indigenous knowledge associated with land use and landscapes (Berkes 2012). We recognise the differences between local and traditional knowledge, indigenous knowledge and knowledge generally held by citizens. Local and traditional knowledge is held by communities with longterm affiliations to specific landscapes. Indigenous knowledge also has long-term affiliations with landscape but has furthermore a specific legal status being protected under international agreements (Convention on Biological Diversity, Article 8j). This chapter analyses the challenges and successes of three schemes that stand out from the majority, because they involve natural resource users directly in monitoring attributes central to their livelihoods (Greenland and Finland) or because of the role of digital technology in facilitating the citizen science activities (Faroe Islands). We begin by describing and explaining the activities and outcomes for each of the three schemes, before presenting our own cross-cutting analysis of the benefits and challenges of such approaches for engaging local stakeholders in landscape stewardship.

Can Community Members Identify Tropical Tree Species for REDD+ Carbon and Biodiversity Measurements?

Biodiversity conservation is a required co-benefit of REDD+. Biodiversity monitoring is therefore needed, yet in most areas it will be constrained by limitations in the available human professional and financial resources. REDD+ programs that use forest plots for biomass monitoring may be able to take advantage of the same data for detecting changes in the tree diversity, using the richness and abundance of canopy trees as a proxy for biodiversity. If local community members are already assessing the above-ground biomass in a representative network of forest vegetation plots, it may require minimal further effort to collect data on the diversity of trees. We compare community members and trained scientists’ data on tree diversity in permanent vegetation plots in montane forest in Yunnan, China. We show that local community members here can collect tree diversity data of comparable quality to trained botanists, at one third the cost. Without access to herbaria, identification guides or the Internet, community members could provide the ethno-taxonomical names for 95% of 1071 trees in 60 vegetation plots. Moreover, we show that the community-led survey spent 89% of the expenses at village level as opposed to 23% of funds in the monitoring by botanists. In participatory REDD+ programs in areas where community members demonstrate great knowledge of forest trees, community-based collection of tree diversity data can be a cost-effective approach for obtaining tree diversity information.

Community Monitoring of Carbon Stocks for REDD+: Does Accuracy and Cost Change over Time?

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+) is a potentially powerful international policy mechanism that many tropical countries are working towards implementing. Thus far, limited practical consideration has been paid to local rights to forests and forest resources in REDD+ readiness programs, beyond noting the importance of these issues. Previous studies have shown that community members can reliably and cost-effectively monitor forest biomass. At the same time, this can improve local ownership and forge important links between monitoring activities and local decision-making. Existing studies have, however, been static assessments of biomass at one point in time. REDD+ programs will require repeated surveys of biomass over extended time frames. Here, we examine trends in accuracy and costs of local forest monitoring over time. We analyse repeated measurements by community members and professional foresters of 289 plots over two years in four countries in Southeast Asia. This shows, for the first time, that with repeated measurements community members’ biomass measurements become increasingly accurate and costs decline. These findings provide additional support to available evidence that community members can play a strong role in monitoring forest biomass in the local implementation of REDD+.

A Multicountry Assessment of Tropical Resource Monitoring by Local Communities

The rapid global growth of conservation schemes designed to incentivize local communities to conserve natural resources has placed new importance on biological monitoring to assess whether agreements and targets linked to payments are being met. To evaluate competence in natural resource monitoring, we compared data on status and trends collected independently by local-community members and trained scientists for 63 taxa and five types of resource use in 34 tropical forest sites across four countries over 2.5 years. We hypothesized that the results would vary according to differences in the education and value systems of the monitors. We found that, despite considerable differences in countries, cultures, and the types of natural resources monitored, the community members and the scientists produced similar results for the status of and trends in species and natural resources. Our findings highlight the potential value of locally based natural resource monitoring for conservation decisionmaking across developing countries.

Linking Public Participation in Scientific Research to the Indicators and Needs of International Environmental Agreements

Different monitoring approaches collect data that can measure progress toward achieving global environmental indicators. These indicators can: (1) Audit management actions; (2) Inform policy choices; and (3) Raise awareness among the public and policy makers. We present a generic, empirically based, framework of different environmental monitoring approaches, ranging from scientist-driven to those undertaken by local people. This framework is used to assess monitoring possibilities for the Convention on Biological Diversity “2020” indicators, and those of 11 other international environmental agreements. Of the 186 indicators in these 12 environmental agreements, 69 (37%) require monitoring by professional scientists, whereas 117 (63%) can involve community members as “citizen scientists.” Promoting “community-based” and “citizen science” approaches could significantly enrich monitoring progress within global environmental conventions. It would also link environmental monitoring to awareness raising and enhanced decision-making at all levels of resource management.

Testing Focus Groups as a Tool for Connecting Indigenous and Local Knowledge on Abundance of Natural resources with Science-Based Land Management Systems

One of the clearly stated intentions of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is to bring both “western scientific” and “indigenous and local” knowledge systems within synthetic global, regional, and thematic assessments. A major challenge will be how to use, and quality-assure, information derived from different knowledge systems. We test how indigenous and local knowledge on natural resources in Miskito and Mayangna communities in Nicaragua, validated through focus groups with community members, compares with information collected on line transects by trained scientists. Both provide comparable data on natural resource abundance, but focus groups are eight times cheaper. Such approaches could increase the amount and geographical scope of information available for assessments at all levels, while simultaneously empowering indigenous and local communities who generally have limited engagement in such processes.

Community Monitoring for REDD+: International Promises and Field Realities

Will community monitoring assist in delivering just and equitable REDD+? We assessed whether local communities can effectively estimate carbon stocks in some of the world’s most carbon rich forests, using simple field protocols, and we reviewed whether community monitoring exists in current REDD+ pilots. We obtained similar results for forest carbon when measured by communities and professional foresters in 289 vegetation plots in Southeast Asia. Most REDD+ monitoring schemes, however, contain no community involvement. To close the gulf between United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change texts on involving communities and field implementation realities, we propose greater embedding of community monitoring within national REDD+ pilot schemes, which we argue will lead to a more just REDD+.

Reshaping conservation: the social dynamics of participatory monitoring in Tanzania’s community-managed forests

Drawing on a study of community-managed forest reserves in southern Tanzania, this article discusses how community members engage and shape inclusive protected area management practices to produce outcomes that were not intended by external implementers. The article shows how a participatory natural resource monitoring scheme operating in the area becomes part of the villagers’ collective and individual efforts to assert their claims to territory and resources vis-a-vis the state, other communities, and other community members. By altering the monitoring procedures in subtle ways, community members strengthen the monitoring practices to their advantage, and to some extent move them beyond the reach of government agencies and conservation and development practitioners. This has led to outcomes that are of greater social and strategic value to communities than the original ‘planned’ benefi ts, although the monitoring scheme has also to some extent become dominated by local ‘conservation elites’ who negotiate the terrain between the state and other community members. Our findings suggest that we need to move beyond simplistic assumptions of community strategies and incentives in participatory conservation and allow for more adaptive and politically explicit governance spaces in protected area management.

How much do large-scale and small-scale farming contribute to global deforestation?

The study presented in this document expands on the work conducted during the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) 2020 Remote Sensing Survey (RSS) and revisits the extensive dataset of areas where deforestation occurred over periods 2000–2010 and 2010–2018 to subclassify and assess deforestation drivers. Notably, considering the importance it would have in designing appropriate strategies for halting deforestation, the study assesses the share of agriculture-driven deforestation linked to small-scale and large-scale farming, both for cropping and livestock systems. The goal was not only to further characterize the global deforestation drivers in 2000–2018 but also to identify methods and tools that can help in exploring the deforestation drivers using Earth Observation – by adding more options to the original FRA RSS query and by trying to define subjective characteristics of the activities.

The world’s mangroves 2000–2020

This report provides global and regional estimates of the area covered by mangrove forests, including area changes between 2000 and 2020. It analyses the drivers of these global, regional and subregional changes for the periods 2000–2010 and 2010–2020 with the aim of improving understanding of these drivers, their interactions and how their relative importance has shifted over time. In the study that underpins this report, FAO developed and validated an easy, repeatable methodology that integrates remote sensing with local knowledge. An FAO team and 48 image interpreters worldwide collected and analysed data on mangrove area in 2020, change in mangrove area between 2000 and 2020, and the drivers of change over the two decades. It is the first global study of mangrove area to provide information on land use rather than land cover.

Unlocking the secrets of mangroves

Where land and sea meet, a unique ecosystem is found: mangrove forests. Whether offering protection from climate change, supporting livelihoods, biodiversity and more, mangroves benefit us all. In the first study of its kind, FAO, with experts around the world, uncovered a wealth of information on the extent of mangrove forests globally, as well a glimpse into what causes mangrove losses and gains. Find out more about this precious ecosystem and see how mangroves affect our daily lives.

Institutionalization of forest data

This eLearning course intends to establish a clear path towards a more efficient and effective use of forest data, underscoring the crucial significance of institutionalizing a robust national forest monitoring system (NFMS) within countries. Additionally, it emphasizes transparency, sustainability, and data-sharing as critical pillars for the successful implementation of an NFM strategy. Published in July 2023 Available in English, soon also in Spanish and French

Sharing the experience on “Forest and land monitoring for climate action – SEPAL” facilitated course

The overall objective of this course is to support knowledge and skills development to operationally apply high-resolution satellite imagery to critical forest and land monitoring in tropical forest countries. More specifically, the course focuses on how the System for Earth Observation Data Access, Processing and Analysis for Land Monitoring (SEPAL) platform can support land and forest monitoring for climate action. This facilitated course has been adapted and made available in self-paced mode to share the content and associated resources that were developed for it, offering a comprehensive learning experience. IMPORTANT: This version of the course enables users to achieve a Digital Badge upon successfully passing the final test. It was designed and developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and was funded by Norway’s International Climate and Forests Initiative (NICFI), and the United Kingdom’s Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. Published in July 2023 Available in English, Spanish and French

Sharing the "Forests and Transparency under the Paris Agreement" MOOC multilingual experience

Participants learnt about the importance of forest-related data collection, analysis and dissemination in meeting the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) requirements of the Paris Agreement. This MOOC is made available here in order to share the associated materials and resources that were specifically developed for it, thus offering you a richer, more comprehensive set of learning materials than the self-paced e-learning course. Please note that this “MOOC experience” is certified: by passing the final test you can earn your Forests and Transparency Digital Badge certification! The MOOC was jointly developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and funded by the Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) trust fund of the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Published on Dec 2021, revised June 2023. The course is available in English, Spanish and French.

Forests and Transparency under the Paris Agreement

The objective of this eLearning course is to learn about the Enhanced Transparency Framework (EFT) under the Paris Agreement. It will be useful to those wishing to understand the importance of forest-related data collection, analysis and dissemination in meeting the Enhanced Transparency Framework requirements. Originally published in June 2020. Updated in February 2023. The eLearning course is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish

Promoting sustainable wood trade in the Lower Mekong region

Across the Lower Mekong Basin and China, the surging demand for timber is putting pressure on forests. The UN-REDD Lower Mekong initiative helps strengthen forest governance, and ensure that trading of wood products is legal and sustainable.

wildfire management

Damaging forest fires are symptomatic of an imbalance in natural systems exacerbated by human interventions. Unless we work to prevent them, wildfires could become one of the most important accelerators of deforestation.

Land-Use Planning and Integrated Approaches to Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation

Landscapes must meet multiple needs, from providing space for homes and infrastructure to supporting agricultural and industrial production, to conserving and restoring ecosystems and their biodiversity. Ecosystem values are often overlooked in the search for short-term gains and quick economic profits. However, healthy ecosystems, including forests, are vital for human and environmental well-being and they play a role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The degradation of ecosystems and the services they provide may limit or reverse development in the long term. Integrated planning and action are needed to meet varied expectations and to achieve sustainable development within a landscape.

Gender and Forests The role of women as local indigenous knowledge holders in sustainable management of forests

For Nigeria to contribute to climate change mitigation through improved forest conservation and enhancing sustainable community livelihoods, the REDD+ mechanism has been activated using Cross River State (CRS) as a demonstration model. One of the priorities of REDD+ readiness in Nigeria and CRS has been identified as gender equality and social inclusion and thus steps have been taken to address gender issues by promoting a gender approach within REDD+ projects programmes. This Information Note attempts to address this issue by acknowledging and recognizing women’s critical efforts around sustainable management of forests. In this process, it highlights women’s use of indigenous knowledge systems to address climate change and its effect on communities and the vital role women play in forest conservation.

10+ years of UN-REDD expertise and best practice;

10+ years of UN-REDD expertise and best practice; to the most current topics and knowledge from our broad range of Programme experts.

Recognizing and empowering indigenous peoples and Local Communities as critical partners in forest solutions to the climate emergency

UN-REDD has devised and implemented a wide range of policy instruments and development practices to help countries promote the participation and inclusion of indigenous peoples and local communities in forest-based climate solutions.

Building global capacity to increase transparency in the forest sector. Two years in numbers 2021

A brief infographic that presents activities and products of the Building global capacity to increase transparency in the forest sector (CBIT-Forest)” implemented by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and funded by the Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) trust fund of the Global Environment Facility (GEF).

Outil d’évaluation du système de suivi national des forêts : Guide rapide

L’outil d’évaluation du système de suivi national des forêts (SSNF) a été conçu dans le cadre du projet “Renforcer les capacités mondiales pour accroître la transparence dans le secteur forestier (CBIT-Forest)” mis en œuvre par l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO) et financé par le fonds fiduciaire Initiative de renforcement des capacités en matière de transparence (CBIT) du Fonds pour l’environnement mondial (FEM). L’outil vise à aider les pays à mener une évaluation exhaustive du suivi des forêts dans trois domaines complémentaires – dispositifs institutionnels, mesure et estimation, et rapport et vérification. L’outil s’appuie sur les Directives volontaires sur le suivi national des forêts (DVSNF) de la FAO, renforcées par la REDDcompass de l’Initiative mondiale pour l’observation des forêts et incorporant la vaste expérience de terrain de la FAO du suivi des forêts dans différents contextes nationaux

Herramienta de evaluación del sistema nacional de monitoreo forestal: Guía rápida

La herramienta de evaluación del sistema nacional de monitoreo forestal (SNMF) ha sido desarrollada en el marco del proyecto “Fomento de la capacidad global para aumentar la transparencia en el sector forestal (IFCT-Bosques)”, ejecutado por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) y financiado por el fondo fiduciario de la Iniciativa para el Fomento de la Capacidad de Transparencia (IFCT) del Fondo para el Medio Ambiente Mundial (FMAM). La herramienta tiene por objeto ayudar a los países a llevar a cabo una evaluación completa de la capacidad de monitoreo forestal en torno a tres temas complementarios - arreglos institucionales, medición y estimación, y presentación de informes y verificación. La herramienta se basa en las Directrices Voluntarias sobre Monitoreo Forestal Nacional (DVMFN) de la FAO reforzadas por REDDcompass de la Iniciativa Mundial de Observación de los Bosques (GFOI) e incorporando la amplia experiencia sobre el terreno de la FAO en el monitoreo forestal en diferentes contextos nacionales.

National forest monitoring system assessment tool : Quick guidance

The national forest monitoring system (NFMS) assessment tool has been developed under the project “Building global capacity to increase transparency in the forest sector (CBIT-Forest)” implemented by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and funded by the Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) trust fund of the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The tool aims to assist countries in carrying out a comprehensive capacity assessment of forest monitoring across three complementary themes – institutional arrangements, measurement and estimation, and reporting and verification. The tool is based on FAO’s Voluntary Guidelines on National Forest Monitoring (VGNFM) reinforced by the REDDcompass of the Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) and incorporating FAO’s extensive field experience of forest monitoring in different national contexts.

Vers des données sur les forêts ouvertes et transparentes pour l’action climatique: expériences et leçons apprises

«Renforcer les capacités mondiales pour accroître la transparence dans le secteur forestier (CBIT-Forest)» est un projet mené par l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO) et financé par le fonds fiduciaire Initiative de renforcement des capacités en matière de transparence (CBIT) du Fonds pour l’environnement mondial (FEM), qui a duré deux ans et demi. Ce projet mondial a renforcé les capacités institutionnelles et techniques des pays en développement pour la collecte, l’analyse et la diffusion des données sur les forêts. Il a aidé les pays à atteindre les exigences du Cadre de transparence renforcé issu de l’Accord de Paris et apporté l’information nécessaire au suivi des progrès liés à la mise en oeuvre et à l’atteinte de leurs contributions détérminées au niveau national.

Programa de Adaptación para la Gestión de los Recursos Vegetacionales En el marco de cambio climático, desertificación, degradación de las tierras y sequía

Documento que da cuenta de los lineamientos y avances de la medida de acción Programa de Adaptación para la Gestión de los Recursos Vegetacionales En el marco de cambio climático, desertificación, degradación de las tierras y sequía (GA1) de la ENCCRV.

Gira de Campo. Proyectos de Restauración en la Región de Coquimbo con Cooperantes Internacionales y Servicios Públicos vinculados a la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV)

Documento que incorpora una descripción de todas las actividades visitadas durante la gira 2016, además del contexto en el que se circunscriben los proyectos visitados.

Nota Informativa N°19. Valorización económica de beneficios ambientales y sociales de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) (2017-2025) de Chile

El documento describe la valorización económica de beneficios ambientales y sociales de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) (2017-2025) de Chile

Nota Informativa N°18 Restauración Hidrológica Forestal y Ambiental en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) (2017-2025) en las Regiones del Biobío y Los Ríos.

Documento que describe dos proyectos de de Restauración Hidrológica Forestal y Ambiental en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) (2017-2025) en las Regiones del Biobío y Los Ríos.

Nota Informativa N°17. Proceso de Diálogo y Participación con los Pueblos Indígenas en la formulación de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) de Chile.

Documento que describe el Proceso de Diálogo y Participación con los Pueblos Indígenas en la formulación de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) de Chile el cual incluyó a los pueblos originarios de todo el territorio de Chile continental, focalizando las zonas rurales de las diez regiones con presencia de población indígena y donde sus formas de vida y costumbres se relacionan directa e indirectamente con los bosques y recursos vegetacionales.

Nota Informativa 16. Diagnóstico de medios, estándares y actores involucrados en el proceso de comercialización de leña, en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV)

Documento que describe el diagnóstico de medios, estándares y actores involucrados en el proceso de comercialización de leña, en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) por medio de un que permita favorecer la capacidad de detección de prácticas irregulares de producción y el control de canales de comercialización informal del producto, contribuyendo a dar cumplimiento a la medida de acción US.3 Fortalecimiento al programa de dendroenergía y a la matriz energética del país de la ENCCRV.

Nota Informativa N°15. Proyecto de Restauración de Tierras en la Comuna de Ovalle, Región de Coquimbo en el marco de la fase de implementación de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) (2017-2025).

El documento describe el Proyecto de Restauración de Tierras en la Comuna de Ovalle, Región de Coquimbo en el marco de la fase de implementación de la ENCCRV, el proyecto busca establecer las bases que permitan el acercamiento a un modelo de inversión para las comunidades y promover la recuperación de los equilibrios ecosistémicos en los sitios de intervención a través de diversas técnicas, la construcción de obras de conservación de suelos, exclusión de animales herbívoros exóticos, forestación y revegetación idealmente con especies nativas y además, efectuar el monitoreo de las acciones en un horizonte de mediano plazo, apoyando el logro de las Metas de Aichi 5.

Nota Informativa N°14. Modelo Financiero para la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) (2017-2025).

El documento expone en términos generales los elementos metodológicos y prácticos utilizados en la construcción del Modelo Financiero que integra la estructura de la ENCCRV con las fuentes de financiamiento disponibles para cubrir los presupuestos requeridos para sus distintas fases e instancias de administración y monitoreo. Destacando que los datos entregados deben ser constantemente actualizados, según los avances y escenarios existentes en el marco de los ingresos percibidos para ejecutar la ENCCRV.

Nota Informativa N°13. Sistema de Alerta Temprana (SAT) para la detección de cambios en los recursos vegetacionales de Chile

Nota Informativa sobre el diseño implementación del Sistema de Alerta Temprana (SAT) con énfasis en cambios en la vegetación y su potencial expansión a otras aplicaciones en la gestión de distintos recursos naturales, que se vincula a la Medida de acción transversal MT.7. “Fortalecimiento de los programas de fiscalización forestal y ambiental”, especialmente en el elemento asociado a fortalecimiento de la capacidad institucional de CONAF

Proceso de Consulta Ciudadana para Validación y Fortalecimiento de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) (2017-2025) de Chile

Descripción del Proceso de Consulta Ciudadana on line para Validación y Fortalecimiento de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) (2017-2025) de Chile

Informative Note N° 11. Chile-Mexico Binational Cooperation Project regarding forests and climate change

Summary of the activities developed during the Chile-Mexico Binational Cooperation Project regarding forests and climate change

Nota Informativa N°11. Proyecto de cooperación binacional México – Chile en materia de bosques y cambio climático

Descripción de las actividades ejecutadas durante el Proyecto de cooperación binacional México – Chile en materia de bosques y cambio climático, en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales y la Estrategia Nacional REDD de México (ENAREDD+)

Informative Note N°10. Analysis of the condition of land tenure for supporting the implementation of the 2017-2025 National Strategy on Climate Change and Vegetation Resources (ENCCRV).

Analysis of the condition of land tenure for supporting the implementation of the 2017-2025 National Strategy on Climate Change and Vegetation Resources (ENCCRV).

Informative Note N°9. Chile’s Subnational Forest Reference Emission Levels/Forest Reference Levels Regions

Chile’s Subnational Forest Reference Emission Levels/Forest Reference Levels Regions between El Maule and Los Lagos.

Nota Informativa N°9. Nivel de Referencia de Emisiones Forestales/Nivel de Referencia Forestal subnacional de Chile

Nivel de Referencia de Emisiones Forestales/Nivel de Referencia Forestal subnacional de Chile Regiones entre el Maule y Los Lagos.

Informative Note N°8. Mainstreaming of the Gender Approach in Chile’s National Strategy on Climate Change and Vegetation Resources (ENCCRV).

Nota Informativa N°8. Mainstreaming of the Gender Approach in Chile’s National Strategy on Climate Change and Vegetation Resources (ENCCRV).

Informative Note N°7. Identification and prioritization of causes for deforestation, devegetation and degradation of vegetation resources and related issues for increasing their cover and quality

Identification and prioritization of causes for deforestation, devegetation and degradation of vegetation resources and related issues for increasing their cover and quality as foundations for the design of the action measures of the National Strategy on Climate Change and Vegetation Resources (ENCCRV).

Nota Informativa N°7. Identificación y priorización de causas de deforestación devegetación y degradación de los recursos vegetacionales y problemas asociados para aumentar su cobertura y calidad

Identificación y priorización de causas de deforestación devegetación y degradación de los recursos vegetacionales y problemas asociados para aumentar su cobertura y calidad como bases para el diseño de las medidas de acción de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV).

Nota Informativa N°6. Colaboración entre la Agencia Suiza para el Desarrollo y la Cooperación (COSUDE) y la Corporación Nacional Forestal (CONAF) en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV).

Colaboración entre la Agencia Suiza para el Desarrollo y la Cooperación (COSUDE) y la Corporación Nacional Forestal (CONAF) en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV).

Informative Note N°5. Update on the Risk of Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought in Chile, within the framework of the 2016-2030 National Action Program to Combat Desertification (PANCD-Chile)

Update on the Risk of Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought in Chile, within the framework of the 2016-2030 National Action Program to Combat Desertification (PANCD-Chile) and the 2017-2025 National Strategy on Climate Change and Vegetation Resources (ENCCRV).

Nota Informativa N°5. Actualización del riesgo de desertificación, degradación de las tierras y sequía en Chile

Actualización del riesgo de desertificación, degradación de las tierras y sequía en Chile, bajo el marco del Programa de Acción Nacional Contra la Desertificación (PANCD-Chile 2016-2030) y ENCCRV (2017-2025).

Nota Informativa N°2. Alineación del Programa de Acción Nacional Contra la Desertificación (PANCD) de Chile con la Estrategia Decenal de la CNULD

Alineación del Programa de Acción Nacional Contra la Desertificación (PANCD) de Chile con la Estrategia Decenal de la CNULD y su vinculación con la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV).

Nota Informativa N°1. Compromisos forestales de Chile para enfrentar el cambio climático y consideraciones generales para la transferencia de derechos de carbono

Compromisos forestales de Chile para enfrentar el cambio climático y consideraciones generales para la transferencia de derechos de carbono

2ª Misión Conjunta de Cooperantes y Socios Relevantes de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) Chile, 16 al 21 de Enero 2017

Manual que incorpora una descripción de todas las actividades visitadas durante la gira 2017, además del contexto en el que se circunscriben los proyectos visitados.

1ª Misión Conjunta de Cooperantes y Socios Relevantes de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) Región de Los Ríos, La Araucanía y Biobío Chile, Enero 2016

Manual que incorpora una descripción de todas las actividades visitadas durante la gira 2016, además del contexto en el que se circunscriben los proyectos visitados

Documento del IV Curso Internacional en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) de Chile “Ordenación forestal y recuperación de formaciones vegetacionales degradadas.

Documento técnico que resume las materias, exposiciones y las salidas a terreno efectuadas en el marco del IV Curso Internacional Ordenación forestal y recuperación de formaciones vegetacionales degradadas realizado en noviembre del 2016.

Manual de Procedimientos Administrativos y Financieros

Aportes administrados como fondos de terceros a la Corporación Nacional Forestal (CONAF) en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales 2017-2025 (ENCCRV) de Chile

Manual de Estudios Cambio Climático y Bosques: Regulación Jurídica Nacional e Internacional desde un Enfoque de REDD+ y Aplicado a la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) (2017-2025) de Chile

Este Manual se enmarca dentro de los objetivos planteados para el desarrollo del trabajo denominado “Programa de capacitación sobre aspectos jurídicos asociados a REDD+”, de la CONAF

Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) CHILE

Documento Marco de la ENCCRV el cual define el objetivo, objetivos específicos, visión, misión establecida para esta. Además, detalla el contexto nacional e internacional en materia de cambio climático y recursos vegetacionales, la propuesta técnica que incluye el detalle de las medidas de medidas de acción y presupuesto para combatir las causales de deforestación, devegetación, degradación de recursos vegetacionales y problemas asociados para aumentar su cobertura y calidad.

From reference levels to results reporting: REDD+ under the UNFCCC

This publication provides a status report on progress and achievements related to the MRV of REDD+ activities, as well as an update on activities related to countries’ submissions of theirForest Reference (Emission) Levels (FRELs/FRLs). The report also summarizes experiences with the technical assessment process, as of early 2017, and offers an overview of initial REDD+ results reporting and technical analyses of those reports.

Conservação das Florestas para Combater as Mudanças Climáticas

Em dezembro de 2015, com a assinatura do Acordo de Paris, as nações do mundo chegaram a um acordo histórico, abrangente e coletivo para combater as mudanças climáticas. O objetivo principal do acordo no âmbito da Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudança do Clima – CQNUMC (em inglês, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC) é manter o aumento da temperatura média global abaixo de 2° C em relação aos níveis pré-industriais, buscando esforços para que este aumento não passe de 1,5° C. O referido acordo reconhece o papel fundamental das florestas, incluindo ações para deter e reverter as taxas de desmatamento e de degradação florestal nos países em desenvolvimento, que têm contribuído com até 20% das emissões anuais de gases de efeito estufa. Para ajudar os países nessas ações, o acordo inclui uma estrutura de políticas e de incentivos para reduzir o desmatamento e a degradação florestal e aumentar o armazenamento de carbono nas florestas por meio da conservação e da gestão sustentável, o que inclui ações relacionadas ao REDD+.

Conservar los bosques para combatir el cambio climático

En diciembre del 2015, con la firma del Acuerdo de París, las naciones del mundo llegaron a un consenso sobre un enfoque histórico, colectivo y exhaustivo para combatir el cambio climático. El objetivo principal del acuerdo, conforme a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC), es mantener el aumento de la temperatura media mundial muy por debajo de los 2 °C con respecto a los niveles preindustriales, e intentar limitar el aumento a 1.5 °C. El acuerdo reconoce el papel fundamental de los bosques y de las acciones para detener y revertir la tasa de deforestación y degradación forestal en los países en desarrollo, que han aportado hasta el 20 % de las emisiones anuales de gases de efecto invernadero. Con el fn de ayudar a los países a efectuar estas acciones, el acuerdo incluye un marco de políticas e incentivos para reducir la deforestación y la degradación forestal, y aumentar el almacenamiento de carbono en los bosques mediante la conservación y el manejo sostenible. Este marco se conoce como REDD+.

Conserver les forêts pour lutter contre le changement climatique

En décembre 2015, avec la signature de l’Accord de Paris, les pays du monde entier se sont accordés sur une approche historique, collective et complète pour lutter contre le changement climatique. Le principal objectif de l’accord, sous la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique (CCNUCC) est de maintenir la montée de la température moyenne de par le monde bien en-deçà de 2oC au-dessus des niveaux préindustriels et d’essayer de limiter l’augmentation à 1,5oC. Au sein de cet accord se trouve la reconnaissance du rôle essentiel des forêts, y compris des actions visant à arrêter la déforestation et la dégradation de la forêt et à inverser leur rythme dans les pays en développement. La déforestation et la dégradation de la forêt contribuent jusqu’à hauteur de 20% aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Pour accompagner les pays dans ces actions, l’accord inclut un cadre de politiques et d’incitations pour la réduction de la déforestation et de la dégradation de la forêt, ainsi que l’augmentation des stocks de carbone dans les forêts par le biais de la conservation et d’une gestion durable. C’est ce que l’on appelle la REDD+.

Intégration des données de télédétection et d’observation au sol pour l’estimation des émissions et des absorptions de gaz à effet de serre dans les forêts: Méthodes et pratiques recommandées par l’Initiative mondiale pour l’observation des forêts, Versio

Le MGD vise à compléter les orientations du GIEC, les approches adoptées par le programme ONU-REDD, le programme américain Silvacarbon, le FCPF de la Banque mondiale et le cahier de référence GOFC-GOLD en fournissant des conseils basés sur l'expérience accumulée sur l'utilisation conjointe de télécommande Détection et données terrestres, spécifiques aux activités REDD +. Il s'agit de l'édition 2 de la MGD. Il met à jour l'édition 1 (publiée en janvier 2014), en tenant compte des développements récents, y compris des soumissions officielles de niveau de référence REDD + à la CCNUCC, des augmentations de la disponibilité des données et de nouvelles recherches.

Integración de las observaciones por teledetección y terrestres para estimar las emisiones y absorciones de gases de efecto invernadero en los bosques: Métodos y Orientación de la Iniciativa Mundial de Observación de los Bosques, Edición 2.0

El MGD pretende complementar las orientaciones del IPCC, los enfoques adoptados por el Programa ONU-REDD, el programa Silvacarbon de los Estados Unidos, el FCPF del Banco Mundial y el libro de fuentes GOFC-GOLD, proporcionando asesoramiento basado en la experiencia acumulada en el uso conjunto del control remoto Sensores y datos basados en tierra, específicos de las actividades de REDD +. Esta es la Edición 2 de la MGD. Se actualiza la Edición 1 (publicada en enero de 2014), teniendo en cuenta los desarrollos recientes incluyendo las presentaciones oficiales de nivel de referencia de REDD + a la CMNUCC, los aumentos en la disponibilidad de datos y las nuevas investigaciones.

Integrating remote-sensing and ground-based observations for estimation of emissions and removals of greenhouse gases in forests: Methods and Guidance from the Global Forest Observations Initiative. Edition 2.0.

The GFOI Methods and Guidance Document (MGD) aims to increase mutual understanding between REDD+ policy and technical experts and relevant science communities, to guide the collection of relevant forestry data related to REDD+, and to assist sharing of data and experiences. The MGD aims to complement the guidance from the IPCC, the approaches taken by the UN-REDD Programme, the US Silvacarbon programme, the World Bank FCPF and the GOFC-GOLD Sourcebook by providing advice based on the accumulated experience on the joint use of remote sensing and ground-based data, specific to REDD+ activities. This is Edition 2 of the MGD. It updates Edition 1 (published in January 2014), taking account of recent developments including official REDD+ reference level submissions to the UNFCCC, increases in data availability and new research.

REDDcompass

Progressively work through the key themes, concepts and actions of REDD+ National Forest Monitoring Systems (NFMS) for Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) gaining access to a suite of GFOI methods and guidance, space data resources, training materials and tools along the way.

Mapping REDD+: A visual guide to UNFCCC decisions

Mapping REDD+: A visual guide to UNFCCC decisions, an all-inclusive resource for REDD+ negotiators, practitioners, policy makers, and funders. REDD+ is ready for implementation, and a thorough understanding of relevant UNFCCC articles and decisions is needed to move forward and scale up action. In this comprehensive resource, we visually map the UNFCCC articles and decisions related to REDD+, and the connections between them, presenting all relevant decisions within one user-friendly document. The information is grouped into categories for easy reference regarding the subsets of REDD+ themes – such as finance, safeguards, and MRV – to ensure the highest levels of clarity and accessibility. The majority of the text is taken verbatim from official UNFCCC decisions, including citations, so readers can refer back to the original documents for additional context. Mapping REDD+ is a complete source of the relevant articles and decisions needed to make informed and UNFCCC-compliant decisions, for anyone working within the REDD+ framework, from planning, to finance, to implementation.

Best Practices and Considerations for the Development of REDD+ Country Approaches to Safeguards and Design of Safeguard Information Systems

Document developed by CLP and SNV (2016). This document aims to provide guidance and a systematic overview of the different processes and considerations that form the core of Country Approaches to Safeguards (CAS). The broader objective of this document is to provide a framework structure for REDD+ countries seeking to develop their own CAS to respond to the UNFCCC and other international REDD+ safeguard requirements.

Letter Of Intent (LOI)

Document which set the obligations for both parties, namely DRC and CAFI, in terms of milestones to be complied with by DRC and the necessary funding CAFI will have to provide for the implementation of the DRC National REDD+ Investment Plan

Lettre d'Intention (LOI)

Document qui détermine les obligations des deux parties, à savoir la RDC et l'Initiative pour les Forêts de l'Afrique Centrale (CAFI), en terme de jalons à atteindre pour la RDC et des financements à assurer par CAFI pour la mise en oeuvre du Plan d'investissement National REDD+

National REDD+ Investment Plan

Programatic framework translating the National REDD+ Strategy into sectoral activities and key reforms, with project files related to the pilars identified in the National REDD+ Strategy

Plan National d'Investissement REDD+

Cadre de programmation qui décline la mise en oeuvre de la Stratégie Nationale REDD+, en terme d'activités sectorielles, des politiques et des réformes clés, notamment avec des fiches projets qui sont présentés correspondant aux piliers de la Stratégie.

Stratégie Nationale REDD+ Appendices

Annexes au Document de la Stratégie Nationale REDD+

Stratégie Nationale REDD+

Document de référence qui identifie les moteurs directs et indirects de la déforestation et de la dégradation forestière. Il précise la vision du Gouvernement pour un développement économique et social du pays à faible carbone, à l’horizon 2035, centrée sur 7 piliers d’intervention stratégique, dont 3 piliers sectoriels (agriculture, énergie e forêt) et 4 piliers habilitants (gouvernance, aménagement de territoire, reforme foncière et démographie)

Conserving Forests to Combat Climate Change

In December 2015, the Paris Agreement recognized the critical role of forests in combating climate change. This recognition included actions to halt and reverse the rate of deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, which have contributed up to 20 percent of annual greenhouse gas emissions. To assist countries in these actions, the agreement includes a framework of policies and incentives for reducing deforestation and forest degradation and increasing carbon storage in forests through conservation and sustainable management. This is known as REDD+, a mechanism that has evolved over a decade of discussions, research, and negotiations to become a key piece of the newly adopted climate architecture. The aim of REDD+ is to halt and reverse forest cover and carbon loss in developing countries by helping countries shift to low-emissions development pathways by increasing the value of healthy forests relative to other land uses. Achieving and sustaining the objectives of REDD+ requires the transformation of economic activities within and outside of forests, often referred to as the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. A solid understanding of REDD+ and the Paris Agreement is needed to accomplish these economic transformations and conserve forests as natural places, carbon stocks, and sustainable resources. This paper describes what REDD+ is, in a manner that is accessible to policy makers, scientists and civil society and in a form that is completely consistent with the UNFCCC decisions and agreements.

EFISCEN: European Forest Information scenario Model

The European Forest Information SCENario Model (EFISCEN) is a large-scale forest model that projects forest resource development on regional to national scales. The model is suitable for the contemporary and future projection of forest resource and carbon balance of forest biomass and soils for a period of 50 to 60 years. The model uses national forest inventory data as a main source of input to describe the current structure and composition of forest resources. EFISCEN provides data on basic forest inventory data (species, area, stemwood volume, increment, mortality, age-structure), but the model includes multiple indicators related to important forest ecosystem services (carbon sequestration, biodiversity, recreation, wind and fire risk), enabling the assessment of impacts of different policy and management strategies at the national and European level. EFISCEN has been developed by both Alterra and European Forest Institute.

Forests, climate change, and equity in Viet Nam: REDD+ equity challenges and solutions according to national stakeholders

Equity has featured prominently in international climate change discussions since the establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992. Looking forward, equity is expected to be of even greater relevance in this year’s hoped for landmark climate agreement, to be finalized at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) remains a focal point of global debate at the intersection of forest and climate change policy. While the exact financing mechanism for REDD+ has yet to be determined, it is clear that demonstrating equity will be an essential part of accessing REDD+ payments and financing in the future. At the national level, Viet Nam recognizes the importance of equity for ensuring an effective REDD+ framework. Therefore, this brief is designed to present key REDD+ equity challenges, as identified by national policy makers and stakeholders in Viet Nam, and potential solutions to address those challenges. By highlighting national equity priorities identified during a workshop held in advance of COP21, we aim to ensure that future capacity development efforts are directed where there is the greatest need and national buy-in. The priority equity issues identified in Viet Nam include: tenure and resource rights, access to information, and benefit sharing.

Forests, climate change, and equity in Lao PDR: REDD+ equity challenges and solutions according to national stakeholders

Equity has featured prominently in international climate change discourse since the establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992. Looking forward, equity is expected to be of even greater relevance in this year’s hoped for landmark climate agreement, to be finalized at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) remains central in global conversations at the intersection of forest and climate change policy. While the exact financing mechanism for REDD+ has yet to be determined, it is clear that demonstrating equity will be essential for accessing REDD+ financing in the future. Lao PDR recognizes the importance of equity for ensuring an effective REDD+ framework. Therefore, this brief is designed to present key REDD+ equity challenges as identified by national policy makers and other stakeholders in Lao PDR and potential solutions to address those challenges. By highlighting national equity priorities identified during a workshop held in advance of COP21, we aim to ensure that future capacity development efforts are directed where there is the greatest need and national buy-in. Priority equity issues identified in Lao PDR include: benefit sharing, participation and decision making, and livelihoods.

Forests, climate change, and equity in Cambodia: REDD+ equity challenges and solutions according to national stakeholders

Equity has featured prominently in international climate change discourse since the establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992. Looking forward, equity is expected to be of even greater relevance in this year’s hoped for landmark climate agreement, to be finalized at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) remains a focal point of global debate at the intersection of forest and climate change policy. While the exact financing mechanism for REDD+ has yet to be determined, it is clear that demonstrating equity will be an essential part of accessing REDD+ payments and financing in the future. At the national level, Cambodia recognizes the importance of equity for ensuring an effective REDD+ framework. Therefore, this brief is designed to present key REDD+ equity challenges as identified by national policy makers and other stakeholders in Cambodia and potential solutions to address those challenges. By highlighting national equity priorities identified during a workshop held in advance of COP21, we aim to ensure that future capacity development efforts are directed where there is the greatest need and national buy-in. Priority REDD+ and forest governance equity elements identified in Cambodia include: participation and decision-making, governance and regulations, and access to information.

Equity in forests and REDD+: An analysis of equity challenges as viewed by forestry decision-makers and practitioners in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Viet Nam

Considerable debate has developed in recent years over the potential of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) to either rectify or exacerbate social inequities in tropical forest countries. Despite agreement on the importance of equity issues in REDD+, few studies have considered differences in equity and equitable outcomes as understood at national and local levels, and related contextspecific barriers that frustrate the achievement of equitable outcomes. This paper surveys perceptions of REDD+ related challenges to equity and potential solutions of forestry decision-makers and practitioners in three Mekong countries.

Listening to the Forest in Panama. UN-REDD Programme Active Listening Process - Women’s Channel

Spanish with English Sub-titles: During 2014 and 2015 Panama carried out an “active listening” process with key stakeholders on the situation of the forest and the challenges to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation looking at the participatory construction of Panama’s National REDD+ Strategy. The dialogue included several key stakeholder groups; including a specific channel for women. This video shows the voices and opinions of women from indigenous, afro-descendant and campesino communities of Panama.

Ecuador: Successfully positioned to implement its REDD+ Action Plan

With its REDD+ readiness capacities now in place, Ecuador is now positioned to implement its REDD+ Action Plan, which is built on the country’s commitment to fight climate change and promote sustainable rural development. Through the implementation of this plan, Ecuador will demonstrate its emissions reductions from deforestation and gain access to results-based payments.

Série de Ressources Techniques: Considérations d’ordre pratique sur la conception des systèmes d’information sur les garanties REDD+

Cette ressource technique – la première d'une nouvelle série de publications techniques consacrées à l'information pratique en matière de conception de systèmes de sauvegarde des données (SSD) conformes aux exigences de la CCNUCC – traite des questions suivantes: Qu'est-ce qu'un SSD? Comment concevoir un SSD? Quel est le coût de la mise en place et de l'exploitation d'un SSD?

Practical Experiences of LAC towards the Implementation of REDD+

The exchange outlined in this report provided a framework for strengthening South-South cooperation in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region. The meeting served to clarify the links between the four pillars, and was also helpful for identifying opportunities to enhance coordination and consistency in the REDD+ preparatory processes at the national level while also promoting joint discussion with a view to studying possible solutions.

Women’s Inclusion in REDD+ in The Philippines Lessons from Good Practices in Forest, and Other Natural Resources Management Sectors

This study is a part of the Joint Initiative of the USAID-funded LEAF Project, WOCAN, and the UN-REDD Programme to investigate practical entry points for women’s inclusion in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) policies and practices. It explores the current status and implementation of policies and practices related to gender equality in forestry and other natural resource management sectors in the Philippines, and their relation to REDD+ initiatives. An effort was made to identify the elements that prevent the inclusion of women in REDD+ in the Philippines, as well as the factors that enable their inclusion in policies and practices. Given the emerging and unfolding state of REDD+, an exploration of gender issues in REDD+ was tied to the overall status of women’s inclusion in the broader NRM sector. Data for this study was collected using desk reviews, key-informant interviews and field site interactions at Atimonan, Quezon. The early findings were then presented through a national dialogue for further discussion and validation, which led to identification of practical entry points and key recommendations for improving effectiveness of natural resource management and REDD+ through greater inclusion of women in forest policies and programs.

Women’s Inclusion in REDD+ in Cambodia Lessons from Good Practices in Forest, Agriculture and Other Natural Resources Management Sectors

The study is a part of the Joint Initiative of WOCAN, the UN-REDD Programme and USAID-funded LEAF Project to investigate practical entry points for women’s inclusion in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) policies and practices. It aims to explore the current status and effectiveness of policies and practices related to gender integration in forestry, REDD+ and other natural resources management sectors in Cambodia. It analyses the current policies and practices, identifies the gaps between policies and practices, determines the factors that enable the inclusion of women in the policies and practices and identifies elements that prevent inclusion and effective implementation.

Scoping Study of Good Practices for Strengthening Women’s Inclusion in Forest and Other Natural Resource Management Sectors

This scoping report examine\'s the diversity of good practices within the forest and other land-use sectors on women’s inclusion, with a view to draw out key enabling conditions that have facilitated women to participate and benefit from policies, institutions and practices −both formal and informal at all levels.

Enfoques a nivel de pais sobre las salvaguardas

Breve resumen introductorio de un marco conceptual para enfoques nacionales a las salvaguardias de REDD+.

Les approches pays en matiere de garanties

Brève introduction présentant un cadre conceptuel pour les approches par pays des sauvegardes REDD+.

Nota informativa: Enfoque nacionale de salvaguardas: Experiencias iniciales y lecciones emergentes

Nota informativa del Programa ONU-REDD en la que se resumen las conclusiones de la publicación completa de recursos técnicos sobre los enfoques nacionales de salvaguardias. En este análisis se sintetizan los últimos conocimientos sobre enfoques nacionales respecto a las salvaguardias de REDD+, con el objetivo principal de facilitar el intercambio de información entre países de REDD+. Las conclusiones de este análisis general inicial están basadas en un proceso consultivo en el que participaron diversos países que han logrado avances en sus enfoques nacionales de salvaguardias. (El documento completo de recursos técnicos correspondiente está disponible en línea en http://www.unredd.net/index.php?option=com_docman&view=list&slug=technical-resources-series&Itemid=134)

Note d'Information: Les approches nationales en matière de garanties : Expériences initiales et leçons émergentes

Note d'information du Programme ONU-REDD résumant les conclusions de la publication technique intégrale sur les approches par pays en matière de sauvegardes. Cette ressource offre une synthèse des connaissances les plus récentes sur les approches par pays en matière de sauvegardes REDD+, avec pour objectif principal de faciliter l'échange d\'informations entre pays REDD+. Les conclusions de cette première étude mondiale intègrent les résultats d'une consultation réalisée auprès de plusieurs pays ayant chacun enregistré des progrès en matière de sauvegardes. (La version intégrale du document correspondant à cette ressource technique est disponible en ligne à l\'adresse http://www.unredd.net/index.php?option=com_docman&view=list&slug=technical-resources-series&Itemid=134)

Guidance Note on Gender Sensitive REDD+

This note has been prepared as a guide for those involved in REDD+ efforts at the local, national, regional or global level. The overall objective is to promote gender sensitive REDD+ processes and to support UN-REDD partner countries and stakeholders in the preparation, development and implementation of gender sensitive REDD+ strategies.

Business Case for Mainstreaming Gender in REDD+

Promoting a human rights-based approach to development requires UN-REDD partner institutions to ensure that their support for REDD+ promotes good practices and does not perpetuate or exacerbate existing inequalities between women and men. Toward this end, “the Business case for Mainstreaming Gender in REDD+” demonstrates why the unique role of women in protecting and managing forests— and ensuring their equal access to resources—is an important component for a more equitable, effective and efficient REDD+. Through this effort we hope to establish a greater base of evidence that will help policy-makers, practitioners and others understand the critical influence that gender-differentiated needs, uses and knowledge have on REDD+ policy and programming on the ground.

Info Brief: Banking on REDD+: Can bank and investor risk policies on soft commodities benefit REDD+?

This Info Brief assesses whether and how soft commodity risk policies by banks and investors could potentially benefit UN-REDD countries to achieve REDD+ results based on an analysis of risk policies from a range of financial institutions. This brief has been produced in parallel with a report by UNEP (2015) titled ‘Bank and Investor Risk Policies on Soft Commodities\' that approaches the same topic from the angle of the financial industry, providing greater clarity what criteria banks and investors can adopt in risk policies to reduce the probability of clients having significant impacts on (tropical) forest ecosystems from soy, palm oil and beef production.

REDD+ Academy Learning Journals

This comprehensive REDD+ learning resource addresses 12 key topics in REDD+: Forest, Carbon Sequestration and Climate Change; Understanding REDD+ and the UNFCCC; Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation; National Strategies and Action Plans; National Forest Monitoring Systems; Forest Reference Emission Levels; Policies and Measures for REDD+ Implementation; REDD+ Safeguards; REDD+ Finance; Approaches for Allocation of Incentives; Stakeholder Engagement; Good Governance.

Country Approaches to Safeguards Tool (CAST)

The Country Approach to Safeguards Tool (CAST) provides countries with an Excel-based, interactive tool to plan and review the development of their approaches to REDD+ safeguards. CAST is designed to be voluntarily applied by REDD+ countries in order to support their planning efforts for activities related to safeguards and SIS, carried out in response to the relevant UNFCCC decisions.

Benefit and Risk Tool (BeRT)

The Benefits and Risks Tool (BeRT) supports REDD+ countries to: a) assess the social and environmental risks and benefits associated with potential REDD+ actions (also known as candidate Policies and Measures, PAMs) and b) analyse how existing policies, laws and regulations (PLRs) address the Cancun safeguards.

Informe Técnico: Sistemas de Información de Salvaguardas (SIS): Consideraciones prácticas de diseño

Informe técnico en el que se resume la publicación completa de recursos técnicos relativa a las consideraciones prácticas de diseño de los SIS, disponible aquí: http://www.unredd.net/index.php?option=com_docman&view=list&slug=technical-resources-series&Itemid=134

Country Approaches to REDD+ Safeguards: A Global Review of Initial Experiences and Emerging Lessons

This technical resource publication presents an initial global overview of country perspectives, experiences and lessons learned that may be used to inform better safeguards processes and practices in the future.

Sistemas de información de las salvaguardas de REDD+: consideraciones prácticas de diseño

Este recurso técnico, el primero de una nueva serie de publicaciones de recursos técnicos, contiene consideraciones prácticas de diseño para los sistemas de información sobre salvaguardias (SIS) en armonía con las necesidades de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) y aborda las siguientes cuestiones: ¿Cómo es un SIS? ¿Cómo empiezo a diseñar uno? ¿Cuánto costará crearlo y mantenerlo en funcionamiento?

REDD+ Finance Flows 2009-2014: Trends and Lessons Learned in REDDX Countries

The study follows the money trail in 13 countries that account for 65 percent of the globe’s tropical forest cover under the U.N.’s REDD+ initiative. The research by Forest Trends’ REDDX (REDD eXpenditures) initiative covers six years from 2009 to 2014. It tracks more than $6 billion of the nearly $10 billion that has been committed or pledged to REDD+ programs globally. Key findings of the new report show that of the $3.7 billion committed, 60 percent or $2.2 billion came directly from individual donor countries. Norway, the largest donor by far, has contributed nearly half of all those funds; Germany, Japan and the United States committed a combined total of $730 million; and the U.K., Australia and France contributed most of the remainder. The private sector contributed 10 percent of all REDD+ finance commitments tracked in these 13 countries. Brazil and Indonesia together received nearly two-thirds of all funding pledged or committed. The big winner that has received the most money thus far is Brazil’s Amazon Fund, which had received $867 million from Norway by the end of 2014. Payments of promised funds have grown steadily, with 62 percent of all committed funds paid out by the end of 2014. Most of the money has gone directly to government agencies, with small amounts supporting the work of international organizations. The percentage of payments paid out to participating countries varies dramatically, from Brazil, which has received 91 percent of its promised funding, to Mexico, which has gotten only 5 percent of the money pledged to it.

PROYECTO DE DOCUMENTO DE EXPECTATIVAS DE LA COP 21 DE PARÍS

La Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático de 2015 (COP21) es un momento fundamental. Los gobiernos han fijado diciembre de 2015 como plazo para ponerse de acuerdo sobre un nuevo régimen climático para después de 2020.

PROJET DE DOCUMENT SUR LES ATTENTES DE LA COP 21 DE PARIS

La conférence de l’ONU sur le changement climatique de 2015 qui se tiendra à Paris (COP21) est un moment charnière. Les États se sont fixé comme date limite décembre 2015 pour s’accorder sur un nouveau régime climat pour la période après 2020.

Expectations Paper COP21 Paris

The 2015 UN climate change conference in Paris (COP21) is a pivotal moment. Governments have set December 2015 as the deadline to agree on a new climate regime for 2020 onwards. This deal must give the world a fighting chance to avoid dangerous global temperature rises. Such an agreement needs to be fair, ambitious, and transformational. At the same time, COP21 provides an opportunity to showcase efforts that countries, the private sector, and civil society are making to combat climate change – and to accelerate and scale up these actions.

REDD+ Benefit Sharing Dialogue United States 23-24 March 2013 - Washington D.C. United States Co-chair's Summary

Free, Prior, and Informed Consent in REDD+: Principles and Approaches for Policy and Project Development

General Overview on Co-benefits of REDD+ implementation

Twenty-five success stories: Illustrating ITTO’s 25-year quest to sustain tropical forests

Twenty-five success stories: Illustrating ITTO’s 25-year quest to sustain tropical forests

Twenty-five success stories: Illustrating ITTO’s 25-year quest to sustain tropical forests

Tropical forests and climate change

Case Studies: Getting countries MRV-ready, Lessons from Mexico and Guyana

Sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring, measuring and reporting - COP 18 Version 1

This sourcebook is the outcome of an ad-hoc REDD working group of GOFC-GOLD (Global Observation of Forest and Land Cover Dynamics) that has been active since the initiation of the UNFCCC REDD process in 2005. It provides a consensus perspective from the global community of earth observation and carbon experts on methodological issues relating to quantifying carbon impacts of implementation activities to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation in developing countries (REDD).

Taking stock of our forests- Global Forest Observations Initiative

Linking Adaptation and Mitigation through Community Forestry: Case Studies from Asia

Sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring, measuring and reporting

This sourcebook is the outcome of an ad-hoc REDD working group of GOFC-GOLD (Global Observation of Forest and Land Cover Dynamics) that has been active since the initiation of the UNFCCC REDD process in 2005. It provides a consensus perspective from the global community of earth observation and carbon experts on methodological issues relating to quantifying carbon impacts of implementation activities to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation in developing countries (REDD). The Sourcebook is now available under the Doha COP 18 Version. It is to be understood as a living document. Further methods and technical details can be specified and added with evolving political negotiations and decisions. Respective communities are invited to provide comments and feedback to evolve a more detailed and refined technical-guidelines document in the future.

REDD-plus & Biodiversity e-Newsletter Volume 17

Asia Summit on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples: Report of the Summit

This is the report of the Asia Summit on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples that was organized by Tebtebba and AMAN (Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara) of Indonesia. The summit was held in Bali, Indonesia last 24 - 27 February 2009 as part of the series of regional summits by indigenous peoples that culminated in the Indigenous Peoples Global Summit on Climate Change in April 2009.

Climate Change, REDD+ and Indigenous Peoples: Training Course for Indigenous Peoples

Composed of 5 training modules, this training course on Indigenous Peoples, Climate Change and REDD+ aims to enhance the capacity of indigenous leaders, educators and organizers to engage in national and international processes and mechanisms, particularly REDD+ and its repercussions.

REDD-plus & Biodiversity e-Newsletter Volume 14

The REDD+ challenge in DRC - presentation at Forest Day 3, COP 15 at Copenhagen

Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment in the Democratic Republic of Congo - National Coordination REDD

Readiness Plan for REDD (R-PP draft) by the DRC for the period 2010-2012

La RDC face au défi REDD+ - État d'avancement de l'ONU-REDD en RDC, presentation at side event: developpement de l'initiative REDD en Afrique Centrale, COP 15 at Copenhagen

REDD-plus & Biodiversity e-Newsletter Volume 6

Terms of Reference for Developing Capacities for a National Monitoring, Reporting and Verification System to support REDD+ participation of Guyana

The Government of Guyana has embarked on a national programme that aims to protect and maintain its forests in an effort to reduce global carbon emissions and at the same time attract resources to foster growth and development along a low carbon emissions path. The cooperation between the Governments of Norway and Guyana expresses a willingness to work together to provide the world with a relevant, replicable model for how REDD+ can align the development objectives of forest countries with the world's need to combat climate change. The initiative will require the development of capacities for MRV of forest carbon stocks and changes. As an initial step to the implementation of a MRV system for Guyana, a road map for the development of a MRV system for REDD+ participation for Guyana was designed, following a stakeholder participation session. The development of such a road map considered several aspects that were elaborated in a facilitation process and used in the preparation of Terms of Reference for developing a REDD MRV system.

Report and Summary of a Workshop and Consultation held on "Preparing Guyana's REDD+ participation: Developing capacities for monitoring, reporting and verification"

The Government of Guyana has embarked on a national programme that aims to protect and maintain its forests in an effort to reduce global carbon emissions and at the same time attract resources to foster growth and development along a low carbon emissions path. The cooperation between the Governments of Norway and Guyana expresses a willingness to work together to provide the world with a relevant, replicable model for how REDD+ can align the development objectives of forest countries with the world\'s need to combat climate change. The initiative will require the development of capacities for MRV of forest carbon stocks and changes. A workshop of 90 national experts and stakeholders, and a series of consultations with relevant agencies were conducted during 27–29 October 2009 in efforts to prepare Guyana\'s participation in REDD+ mechanisms. The workshop and the consultations produced significant progress to provide the foundations for developing the capacities for a REDD MRV system for Guyana. The results of this progress are contained in the following report.

An Assessment of National Forest Monitoring Capabilities in Tropical Non-Annex I Countries: Recommendations for Capacity Building

In partnership with the Government of Norway, GOFC-GOLD has carried out a study to understand the needs to monitor REDD in the world's tropical forests. This study examines, in 99 tropical non-Annex I countries, the current monitoring capabilities and the availability of remote sensing data and makes specific recommendations for the near term capacity development activities that would be required to implement an accurate forest area change and carbon monitoring system.

Curso Introductorio sobre la Reducción de las Emisiones de la Deforestación y Degradación (REDD): Manual de Recursos del Participante

Curso Introductorio sobre la Reducción de las Emisiones de la Deforestación y Degradación (REDD): Manual de Capacitación

Introductory Course on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD): A Participant Resource Manual

Introductory Course on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD): A Training Manual

Beyond REDD: the Role of Forests in Climate Change

Beginning in December 2007, The Forests Dialogue (TFD) has led a multi-stakeholder dialogue process focused on developing a clear, unified message and common set of principles illustrating the factors and conditions necessary to maximize forests and people’s ability to mitigate and adapt to climate change. The initiative has involved more than 275 diverse leaders representing all stakeholder groups from around the world. The group produced a comprehensive consensus Statement on Forests and Climate Change titled “Beyond REDD: the Role of Forests in Climate Change” that lays out 5 guiding principles and over 100 suggested actions for stakeholders including government climate negotiators. This document also includes 5 Briefing Notes. For more information on TFD’s Forest and Climate Initiative contact TFD’s Executive Director, Gary Dunning, at < info@theforestsdialogue.org >

USAID's biodiversity conservation and forestry programs, FY 2007

USAID, along with the U.S. Department of State, spends approximately $90 million annually to reduce deforestation, increase sequestration, and enhance sustainable forest management. Some examples of USAID programs include: -Spending $30 million annually for conservation in the Amazon, including the Initiative for Conservation in the Andean Amazon and over $100 million since 2002 to targeted conservation programs as part of the Congo Basin Forest Partnership. -Working with the Center for International Forestry (CIFOR) to create a suite of training modules on topics related to forests and climate change, including modules on carbon accounting, forest management, trading carbon from forests, and international policy. -Assessing forest conservation and natural resources management programs – in countries such as Indonesia, Liberia and Bolivia – to see how they can be redesigned, to better incorporate forest climate practices and policies.

REDD+ Safeguards Information Systems: Practical Design Considerations

First in a new line of technical resource publications, offering practical design considerations for safeguard information systems (SIS) in line with UNFCCC requirements, this technical resource addresses the following questions: What does a SIS look like? How do I go about designing one? How much will it cost to both build and to operate?

Technical Brief: REDD+ Safeguards Information Systems: practical design considerations

Technical brief summarizing the full Technical Resource publication on SIS design considerations, available here: http://www.unredd.net/index.php?option=com_docman&view=list&slug=technical-resources-series&Itemid=134

Info Brief: Country Approaches to Safeguards: Initial Experiences and Emerging Lessons

UN-REDD Programme Info Brief summarizing the findings of the full Technical Resource publication on country approaches to safeguards. This review synthesizes the state-of-the-art knowledge on country approaches to REDD+ safeguards, with the primary aim of facilitating information exchange among REDD+ countries. The findings of this initial global review were informed by a consultative process engaging a number of countries who have made progress with their country approaches to safeguards. (Full corresponding technical resource document is available online at http://www.unredd.net/index.php?view=document&alias=15044-technical-resource-series-2-country-approaches-to-redd-safeguards-a-global-review-of-initial-experiences-and-emerging-lessons&category_slug=technical-resources-series&layout=default&option=com_docman&Itemid=134)

Document Technique: Système d’information sur les garanties : considérations d’ordre pratique sur la conception

Note technique résumant la publication technique intégrale sur les considérations en matière de conception de SSD, disponible ici: http://www.unredd.net/index.php?option=com_docman&view=list&slug=technical-resources-series&Itemid=134