Adaptation

Community Monitoring of Natural Resource Systems and the Environment

Community monitoring can track environmental phenomena, resource use, and natural resource management processes of concern to community members. It can also contribute to planning and decision-making and empower community members in resource management. While community monitoring that addresses the environmental crisis is growing, it also gathers data on other global challenges: climate change, social welfare, and health. Some environmental community monitoring programs are challenged by limited collective action and community participation, insufficient state responsiveness to data and proposals, and lack of sustainability over time. Additionally, community members monitoring the environment are increasingly harassed and sometimes killed. Community monitoring is more effective with improved data collection, improved data management and sharing, andstronger efforts to meet community information needs, enable conflict resolution, and strengthen self-determination. Other promising areas for development are further incorporating governance issues, embracing integrated approaches at the community level, and establishing stronger links to national and global frameworks.

The Concept, Practice, Application, and Results of Locally Based Monitoring of the Environment

Locally based monitoring is typically undertaken in areas in which communities have a close attachment to their natural resource base. We present a summary of work to develop a theoretical and practical understanding of locally based monitoring and we outline tests of this approach in research and practice over the past 20 years. Our tests show that locally based monitoring delivers credible data at local scale independent of external experts and can be used to inform local and national decision making within a short timeframe. We believe that monitoring conducted by and anchored in communities will gain in importance where scientist-led monitoring is sparse or too expensive to sustain and for ecosystem attributes in cases in which remote sensing cannot provide credible data. The spread of smartphone technology and online portals will further enhance the importance and usefulness of this discipline.

Creating Synergies between Citizen Science and Indigenous and Local Knowledge

Citizen science (CS) is receiving increasing attention as a conduit for Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) in ecosystem stewardship and conservation. Drawing on field experience and scientific literature, we explore the connection between CS and ILK and demonstrate approaches for how CS can generate useful knowledge while at the same time strengthening ILK systems. CS invites laypersons to contribute observations, perspectives, and interpretations feeding into scientific knowledge systems. In contrast, ILK can be understood as knowledge systems in its own right, with practices and institutions to craft legitimate and useful knowledge. Such fundamental differences in how knowledge is generated, interpreted, and applied need to be acknowledged and understood for successful outcomes. Engaging with complementary knowledge systems using a multiple evidence base approach can improve the legitimacy of CS initiatives, strengthen collaborations through ethical and reciprocal relationships with ILK holders, and contribute to better stewardship of ecosystems.

Connecting Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches in Environmental Observing

Effective responses to rapid environmental change rely on observations to inform planning and decision-making. Reviewing literature from 124 programs across the globe and analyzing survey data for 30 Arctic community-based monitoring programs, we compare top-down, large-scale program driven approaches with bottom-up approaches initiated and steered at the community level. Connecting these two approaches and linking to Indigenous and local knowledge yields benefits including improved information products and enhanced observing program efficiency and sustainability. We identify core principles central to such improved links: matching observing program aims, scales, and ability to act on information; matching observing program and community priorities; fostering compatibility in observing methodology and data management; respect of Indigenous intellectual property rights and the implementation of free, prior, and informed consent; creating sufficient organizational support structures; and ensuring sustained community members’ commitment. Interventions to overcome challenges in adhering to these principles are discussed.

The Use of Digital Platforms for Community-Based Monitoring

Environmental observing programs that are based on Indigenous and local knowledge increasingly use digital technologies. Digital platforms may improve data management in community-based monitoring (CBM) programs, but little is known about how their use translates into tangible results. Drawing on published literature and a survey of 18 platforms, we examine why and how digital platforms are used in CBM programs and illuminate potential challenges and opportunities. Digital platforms make it easy to collect, archive, and share CBM data, facilitate data use, and support understanding larger-scale environmental patterns through interlinking with other platforms. Digital platforms, however, also introduce new challenges, with implications for the sustainability of CBM programs and communities’ abilities to maintain control of their own data. We expect that increased data access and strengthened technical capacity will create further demand within many communities for ethically developed platforms that aid in both local and larger-scale decision-making.

Community-Based Monitoring of Tropical Forest Crimes and Forest Resources Using Information and Communication Technology – Experiences from Prey Lang, Cambodia

The use of smartphones for data collection has opened up new opportunities for communities wishing to engage in community-based monitoring. While information and communication technology (ICT) is able to systematize data collection, complex functions and observation types can present challenges for community members. ICT also may skew community participation towards young men, as they are sometimes more comfortable using smartphones. This study investigates the success and cost-effectiveness of having local forest monitors use ICT to collect data on forest crimes and forest resources in Prey Lang, Cambodia. A workshop was held with the Prey Lang Community Network to identify the resources and illegal activities to be monitored. Guided by the community members, a smartphone app was subsequently developed and a total of 36 community members were trained in its use. We examined the extent to which the capacity of community members to collect data was dependent upon the complexity of the ICT and on their age and gender. We also assessed the costs of the monitoring program over a two-year period. The community members were able to collect large amounts of data regardless of their gender or age. They made 10,842 entries of data on illegal logging and forest resources. Increased complexity of the app had no impact on the proportion of quality data collected. The cost of monitoring resembled other community-based monitoring programs but was notably less than for monitoring by professional foresters. Our findings suggest that local communities with little formal education are able to monitor forest crimes and forest resources cost-effectively using ICT; however, while the documentation collected was highly valuable, software and hardware maintenance, along with the digital data validation process, will continue to require external support.

Citizen science tools for engaging local stakeholders and promoting local and traditional knowledge in landscape stewardship

Citizen science has been proposed as one way of engaging local stakeholders in landscape stewardship (Plieninger and Bieling 2012). Citizen science encompasses a broad array of approaches in which citizens are involved in one or more aspects of assessment and monitoring of the environment (Bonney et al. 2014). In Europe, most citizen science schemes only involve community members in data collection. The design, analysis and interpretation of the assessment results are undertaken by professional researchers. Recently, experiments have been made to involve community members in all aspects of environmental assessment and monitoring, including scheme design, data interpretation and use of the results for decision-making and action (Johnson et al. 2016). Although there are still a number of scientific questions surrounding these approaches and many schemes are still at an early stage of development, the new approaches show a great deal of promise. A topic corresponding with citizen science is the promotion of traditional and indigenous knowledge associated with land use and landscapes (Berkes 2012). We recognise the differences between local and traditional knowledge, indigenous knowledge and knowledge generally held by citizens. Local and traditional knowledge is held by communities with longterm affiliations to specific landscapes. Indigenous knowledge also has long-term affiliations with landscape but has furthermore a specific legal status being protected under international agreements (Convention on Biological Diversity, Article 8j). This chapter analyses the challenges and successes of three schemes that stand out from the majority, because they involve natural resource users directly in monitoring attributes central to their livelihoods (Greenland and Finland) or because of the role of digital technology in facilitating the citizen science activities (Faroe Islands). We begin by describing and explaining the activities and outcomes for each of the three schemes, before presenting our own cross-cutting analysis of the benefits and challenges of such approaches for engaging local stakeholders in landscape stewardship.

Can Community Members Identify Tropical Tree Species for REDD+ Carbon and Biodiversity Measurements?

Biodiversity conservation is a required co-benefit of REDD+. Biodiversity monitoring is therefore needed, yet in most areas it will be constrained by limitations in the available human professional and financial resources. REDD+ programs that use forest plots for biomass monitoring may be able to take advantage of the same data for detecting changes in the tree diversity, using the richness and abundance of canopy trees as a proxy for biodiversity. If local community members are already assessing the above-ground biomass in a representative network of forest vegetation plots, it may require minimal further effort to collect data on the diversity of trees. We compare community members and trained scientists’ data on tree diversity in permanent vegetation plots in montane forest in Yunnan, China. We show that local community members here can collect tree diversity data of comparable quality to trained botanists, at one third the cost. Without access to herbaria, identification guides or the Internet, community members could provide the ethno-taxonomical names for 95% of 1071 trees in 60 vegetation plots. Moreover, we show that the community-led survey spent 89% of the expenses at village level as opposed to 23% of funds in the monitoring by botanists. In participatory REDD+ programs in areas where community members demonstrate great knowledge of forest trees, community-based collection of tree diversity data can be a cost-effective approach for obtaining tree diversity information.

A Multicountry Assessment of Tropical Resource Monitoring by Local Communities

The rapid global growth of conservation schemes designed to incentivize local communities to conserve natural resources has placed new importance on biological monitoring to assess whether agreements and targets linked to payments are being met. To evaluate competence in natural resource monitoring, we compared data on status and trends collected independently by local-community members and trained scientists for 63 taxa and five types of resource use in 34 tropical forest sites across four countries over 2.5 years. We hypothesized that the results would vary according to differences in the education and value systems of the monitors. We found that, despite considerable differences in countries, cultures, and the types of natural resources monitored, the community members and the scientists produced similar results for the status of and trends in species and natural resources. Our findings highlight the potential value of locally based natural resource monitoring for conservation decisionmaking across developing countries.

Linking Public Participation in Scientific Research to the Indicators and Needs of International Environmental Agreements

Different monitoring approaches collect data that can measure progress toward achieving global environmental indicators. These indicators can: (1) Audit management actions; (2) Inform policy choices; and (3) Raise awareness among the public and policy makers. We present a generic, empirically based, framework of different environmental monitoring approaches, ranging from scientist-driven to those undertaken by local people. This framework is used to assess monitoring possibilities for the Convention on Biological Diversity “2020” indicators, and those of 11 other international environmental agreements. Of the 186 indicators in these 12 environmental agreements, 69 (37%) require monitoring by professional scientists, whereas 117 (63%) can involve community members as “citizen scientists.” Promoting “community-based” and “citizen science” approaches could significantly enrich monitoring progress within global environmental conventions. It would also link environmental monitoring to awareness raising and enhanced decision-making at all levels of resource management.

Testing Focus Groups as a Tool for Connecting Indigenous and Local Knowledge on Abundance of Natural resources with Science-Based Land Management Systems

One of the clearly stated intentions of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is to bring both “western scientific” and “indigenous and local” knowledge systems within synthetic global, regional, and thematic assessments. A major challenge will be how to use, and quality-assure, information derived from different knowledge systems. We test how indigenous and local knowledge on natural resources in Miskito and Mayangna communities in Nicaragua, validated through focus groups with community members, compares with information collected on line transects by trained scientists. Both provide comparable data on natural resource abundance, but focus groups are eight times cheaper. Such approaches could increase the amount and geographical scope of information available for assessments at all levels, while simultaneously empowering indigenous and local communities who generally have limited engagement in such processes.

Reshaping conservation: the social dynamics of participatory monitoring in Tanzania’s community-managed forests

Drawing on a study of community-managed forest reserves in southern Tanzania, this article discusses how community members engage and shape inclusive protected area management practices to produce outcomes that were not intended by external implementers. The article shows how a participatory natural resource monitoring scheme operating in the area becomes part of the villagers’ collective and individual efforts to assert their claims to territory and resources vis-a-vis the state, other communities, and other community members. By altering the monitoring procedures in subtle ways, community members strengthen the monitoring practices to their advantage, and to some extent move them beyond the reach of government agencies and conservation and development practitioners. This has led to outcomes that are of greater social and strategic value to communities than the original ‘planned’ benefi ts, although the monitoring scheme has also to some extent become dominated by local ‘conservation elites’ who negotiate the terrain between the state and other community members. Our findings suggest that we need to move beyond simplistic assumptions of community strategies and incentives in participatory conservation and allow for more adaptive and politically explicit governance spaces in protected area management.

CBD Technical Series no.93: Voluntary guidelines for the design and effective implementation of ecosystem-based approaches to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction and supplementary information

The report provides information on principles, safeguards, tools, and a flexible framework for planning and implementing ecosystem-based approaches, to support countries in integrating ecosystem-based approaches into their national biodiversity strategies and action plans, but also into other sectoral policies.

Guía operativa US1. Programa de manejo y ordenación forestal

El Programa de Manejo y Ordenación Forestal, es una de las medidas de acción directas que conforman la actividad “Modelo de gestión sustentable de los recursos vegetacionales” de la ENCCRV, y cuyo fin es influir principalmente sobre la actividad productiva insustentable, que se identificó como una de las más importantes causales de degradación y no aumentos de sumideros de carbono que afectan a las formaciones vegetacionales nativas del país.

Guía operativa US.3. Fortalecimiento al programa de dendroenergía

El fortalecimiento del programa de dendroenergía es una de las medidas de acción directas que conforman la actividad “Modelo de gestión sustentable de recursos vegetacionales” de la ENCCRV, y cuyo fin es influir rincipalmente sobre la actividad productiva insustentable que se identificó como una de las más importantes causales de degradación y aumento de las reservas de carbono forestal que afectan a las formaciones vegetacionales del país.

Guía operativa MT5-IF2. Fortalecimiento al programa de restauración institucional

El programa de restauración institucional se asocia a dos de las actividades principales de la ENCCRV, a la actividad Transversal y a la actividad de Fortalecimiento de la gestión en prevención de incendios forestales y restauración de áreas quemadas, ambas destinadas a influir sobre las causales de degradación, deforestación/devegetación y no aumentos de sumideros de carbono que afectan a las formaciones vegetacionales nativas del país.

Guía operativa MT4. Programa de forestación y revegetación

El programa de forestación y revegetación es una de las medidas de acción directas que conforman la actividad transversal de la ENCCRV, cuyo fin es influir sobre varias de las principales causales de degradación, deforestación/devegetación y no aumentos de sumideros que afectan a las formaciones vegetacionales nativas del país.

Guía operativa MG1. Programa de manejo silvoagropecuario en sitios prioritarios

El Programa de manejo silvoagropecuario en sitios prioritarios es una de las medidas de acción directas que conforman la actividad “Áreas modelo de gestión público-privada que compatibilicen el manejo de los recursos vegetacionales con la ganadería” de la ENCCRV, y cuyo fin es influir sobre el uso insustentable de los recursos vegetacionales para la ganadería, que se identificó como una de las más importantes causales de degradación y no aumentos de sumideros de carbono forestal que afectan a las formaciones vegetacionales nativas del país.

Guía operativa IF6. Programa de alternativas de manejo para residuos silvoagropecuarios

El Programa de alternativas de manejo para residuos silvoagropecuarios, es una de las medidas de acción facilitadoras que conforman la actividad de “Fortalecimiento de la gestión en prevención de incendios forestales y restauración de áreas quemadas” en la ENCCRV, y cuyo fin es influir sobre una de las causas del origen de incendios forestales, que es el principal motor de degradación, deforestación y devegetación que afectan a las formaciones vegetacionales del país.

Guía operativa IF3. Programa de silvicultura preventiva con énfasis en la interfaz urbana-rural

El Programa de silvicultura preventiva con énfasis en la interfaz urbana rural, es una de las medidas de acción directas que conforman la actividad de “Fortalecimiento de la gestión en prevención de incendios forestales y restauración de áreas quemadas” en la ENCCRV, y cuyo fin es influir sobre las principales causales de degradación, deforestación/devegetacion y no aumentos de sumideros de carbono que afectan a las formaciones vegetacionales nativas del país.

Guía operativa GA1. Programa de Adaptación para la Gestión de los Recursos Vegetacionales

El presente Programa se basa en la implementación de acciones para promover, facilitar e incrementar las dos condiciones que deben darse para la supervivencia de una especie al cambio climático: capacidad de dispersión/regeneración y la respuesta genética, las que serán la piedra angular para el diseño.

Manual de Silvicultura Preventiva de incendios forestales

El presente manual constituye a una guía metodológica para la ejecución de las actividades de silvicultura preventiva contra incendios forestales en áreas de bosque esclerófilo en la Zona Central de Chile, además, se hace referencia a actividades silviculturales a ser ejecutadas en vegetación no nativa.

Nota Informativa N°37. Actualización a escala nacional de los mapas de Desertificación, Degradación de las Tierras y Sequía (DDTS) de Chile.

En este estudio CONAF presenta la metodología y los resultados de información mejorada, actualizada y espacializada a nivel nacional, que permita abordar para un nuevo periodo el enfoque de Desertificación, Degradación de las Tierras y Sequía (DDTS) al año 2018 en Chile.

Nota Informativa N°36. Identificación de áreas para la recuperación de vegetación nativa afectada por mega incendio 2017, en la Región del Biobío.

El documento describe la Identificación de áreas para la recuperación de vegetación nativa afectada por mega incendio 2017, en la Región del Biobío. La Región del Biobío, una de las más afectadas por el megaincendio de 2017, ha establecido una estrategia de recuperación de los recursos vegetacionales afectados, con un enfoque de paisaje, que permita dirigir los esfuerzos de recuperación a zonas prioritarias. Lo anterior permitirá disminuir a corto plazo los problemas ambientales ocasionados por el megaincendio e iniciar una recuperación integral, que contribuya a mejorar nuestra biodiversidad y los beneficios que esta nos entrega.

Nota Informativa N°34. Guía de prácticas de planificación y ejecución operativa de medidas de acción de la ENCCRV.

La presente nota informativa tiene como objetivo mostrar un resumen de la “Guía de prácticas de planificación y ejecución operativa de medidas de acción de la ENCCRV”, documento que ha sido elaborado como una herramienta de apoyo para la implementación de todas las medidas de acción directas y una medida facilitadora que conforman una parte central de las actividades propuestas por la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV).

Nota Informativa N°23. Diseño y levantamiento de información clave para enfrentar causales de desforestación y degradación forestal por uso insostenible de biomasa en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales.

Esta nota informativa resume los principales resultados del proyecto “Diseño y levantamiento de información clave para enfrentar causales de deforestación y degradación forestal por uso insostenible de biomasa mediante extensión y facilitación comercial que promueva su uso sostenible en poblaciones vulnerables rurales y urbanas” denominado también “Leña y Cambio Climático”, desarrollado en las regiones de La Araucanía, Los Ríos, Los Lagos y Aysén.

Nota Informativa N°20. Antecedentes para la definición y tratamiento del concepto de degradación forestal en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV).

El documento describe los Antecedentes para la definición y tratamiento del concepto de degradación forestal en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV).

Bosque nativo, comunidades y cambio climático. Avances en el Diseño y Preparación de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales de Chile (ENCCRV), y propuestas para su implementación

Libro de divulgación de la ENCCRV y de las acciones a nivel país en este ámbito y, al mismo tiempo, entrega contenidos que permitan dar realce a la importancia de los recursos vegetacionales de Chile y a su rol como proveedor de servicios ambientales en el escenario climático actual.

Documento Testimonial y de Análisis de los Efectos del Cambio Climático en el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas del Estado

El documento elaborado por profesionales de la Gerencia de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas (GASP) y de la Unidad de Cambio Climático y Servicios Ambientales (UCCSA) en base a los insumos entregados por los guaradaparques y tiene como objetivo general recopilar en un escrito testimonial las percepciones de los funcionarios del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas del Estado (SNASPE) sobre los efectos del cambio climático observados en estas áreas y correlacionarlos con datos de artículos científicos, así como otras publicaciones y antecedentes generados por la UCCSA durante el desarrollo de la ENCCRV y GASP.

CBD Technical Series no. 85: Synthesis report on experiences with ecosystem-based approaches to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction

This report has been prepared to provide a synthesis of experiences with ecosystem-based approaches to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction, and an analysis of challenges, lessons learned and opportunities related to their design and implementation.

Ramsar COP 13 Resolution XIII.13

Restoration of degraded peatlands to mitigate and adapt to climate change and enhance biodiversity and disaster risk reduction

Forest Resilience Finance. Opportunities & Challenges.

Helping Forests Adapt to Climate Change.

Programa de Adaptación para la Gestión de los Recursos Vegetacionales En el marco de cambio climático, desertificación, degradación de las tierras y sequía

Documento que da cuenta de los lineamientos y avances de la medida de acción Programa de Adaptación para la Gestión de los Recursos Vegetacionales En el marco de cambio climático, desertificación, degradación de las tierras y sequía (GA1) de la ENCCRV.

Gira de Campo. Proyectos de Restauración en la Región de Coquimbo con Cooperantes Internacionales y Servicios Públicos vinculados a la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV)

Documento que incorpora una descripción de todas las actividades visitadas durante la gira 2016, además del contexto en el que se circunscriben los proyectos visitados.

Nota Informativa N°18 Restauración Hidrológica Forestal y Ambiental en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) (2017-2025) en las Regiones del Biobío y Los Ríos.

Documento que describe dos proyectos de de Restauración Hidrológica Forestal y Ambiental en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) (2017-2025) en las Regiones del Biobío y Los Ríos.

Nota Informativa 16. Diagnóstico de medios, estándares y actores involucrados en el proceso de comercialización de leña, en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV)

Documento que describe el diagnóstico de medios, estándares y actores involucrados en el proceso de comercialización de leña, en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) por medio de un que permita favorecer la capacidad de detección de prácticas irregulares de producción y el control de canales de comercialización informal del producto, contribuyendo a dar cumplimiento a la medida de acción US.3 Fortalecimiento al programa de dendroenergía y a la matriz energética del país de la ENCCRV.

Nota Informativa N°15. Proyecto de Restauración de Tierras en la Comuna de Ovalle, Región de Coquimbo en el marco de la fase de implementación de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) (2017-2025).

El documento describe el Proyecto de Restauración de Tierras en la Comuna de Ovalle, Región de Coquimbo en el marco de la fase de implementación de la ENCCRV, el proyecto busca establecer las bases que permitan el acercamiento a un modelo de inversión para las comunidades y promover la recuperación de los equilibrios ecosistémicos en los sitios de intervención a través de diversas técnicas, la construcción de obras de conservación de suelos, exclusión de animales herbívoros exóticos, forestación y revegetación idealmente con especies nativas y además, efectuar el monitoreo de las acciones en un horizonte de mediano plazo, apoyando el logro de las Metas de Aichi 5.

Informative Note N°5. Update on the Risk of Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought in Chile, within the framework of the 2016-2030 National Action Program to Combat Desertification (PANCD-Chile)

Update on the Risk of Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought in Chile, within the framework of the 2016-2030 National Action Program to Combat Desertification (PANCD-Chile) and the 2017-2025 National Strategy on Climate Change and Vegetation Resources (ENCCRV).

Nota Informativa N°5. Actualización del riesgo de desertificación, degradación de las tierras y sequía en Chile

Actualización del riesgo de desertificación, degradación de las tierras y sequía en Chile, bajo el marco del Programa de Acción Nacional Contra la Desertificación (PANCD-Chile 2016-2030) y ENCCRV (2017-2025).

Nota Informativa N°2. Alineación del Programa de Acción Nacional Contra la Desertificación (PANCD) de Chile con la Estrategia Decenal de la CNULD

Alineación del Programa de Acción Nacional Contra la Desertificación (PANCD) de Chile con la Estrategia Decenal de la CNULD y su vinculación con la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV).

Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) CHILE

Documento Marco de la ENCCRV el cual define el objetivo, objetivos específicos, visión, misión establecida para esta. Además, detalla el contexto nacional e internacional en materia de cambio climático y recursos vegetacionales, la propuesta técnica que incluye el detalle de las medidas de medidas de acción y presupuesto para combatir las causales de deforestación, devegetación, degradación de recursos vegetacionales y problemas asociados para aumentar su cobertura y calidad.

Conservação das Florestas para Combater as Mudanças Climáticas

Em dezembro de 2015, com a assinatura do Acordo de Paris, as nações do mundo chegaram a um acordo histórico, abrangente e coletivo para combater as mudanças climáticas. O objetivo principal do acordo no âmbito da Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudança do Clima – CQNUMC (em inglês, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC) é manter o aumento da temperatura média global abaixo de 2° C em relação aos níveis pré-industriais, buscando esforços para que este aumento não passe de 1,5° C. O referido acordo reconhece o papel fundamental das florestas, incluindo ações para deter e reverter as taxas de desmatamento e de degradação florestal nos países em desenvolvimento, que têm contribuído com até 20% das emissões anuais de gases de efeito estufa. Para ajudar os países nessas ações, o acordo inclui uma estrutura de políticas e de incentivos para reduzir o desmatamento e a degradação florestal e aumentar o armazenamento de carbono nas florestas por meio da conservação e da gestão sustentável, o que inclui ações relacionadas ao REDD+.

Conservar los bosques para combatir el cambio climático

En diciembre del 2015, con la firma del Acuerdo de París, las naciones del mundo llegaron a un consenso sobre un enfoque histórico, colectivo y exhaustivo para combatir el cambio climático. El objetivo principal del acuerdo, conforme a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC), es mantener el aumento de la temperatura media mundial muy por debajo de los 2 °C con respecto a los niveles preindustriales, e intentar limitar el aumento a 1.5 °C. El acuerdo reconoce el papel fundamental de los bosques y de las acciones para detener y revertir la tasa de deforestación y degradación forestal en los países en desarrollo, que han aportado hasta el 20 % de las emisiones anuales de gases de efecto invernadero. Con el fn de ayudar a los países a efectuar estas acciones, el acuerdo incluye un marco de políticas e incentivos para reducir la deforestación y la degradación forestal, y aumentar el almacenamiento de carbono en los bosques mediante la conservación y el manejo sostenible. Este marco se conoce como REDD+.

Letter Of Intent (LOI)

Document which set the obligations for both parties, namely DRC and CAFI, in terms of milestones to be complied with by DRC and the necessary funding CAFI will have to provide for the implementation of the DRC National REDD+ Investment Plan

Lettre d'Intention (LOI)

Document qui détermine les obligations des deux parties, à savoir la RDC et l'Initiative pour les Forêts de l'Afrique Centrale (CAFI), en terme de jalons à atteindre pour la RDC et des financements à assurer par CAFI pour la mise en oeuvre du Plan d'investissement National REDD+

National REDD+ Investment Plan

Programatic framework translating the National REDD+ Strategy into sectoral activities and key reforms, with project files related to the pilars identified in the National REDD+ Strategy

Plan National d'Investissement REDD+

Cadre de programmation qui décline la mise en oeuvre de la Stratégie Nationale REDD+, en terme d'activités sectorielles, des politiques et des réformes clés, notamment avec des fiches projets qui sont présentés correspondant aux piliers de la Stratégie.

Stratégie Nationale REDD+ Appendices

Annexes au Document de la Stratégie Nationale REDD+

Stratégie Nationale REDD+

Document de référence qui identifie les moteurs directs et indirects de la déforestation et de la dégradation forestière. Il précise la vision du Gouvernement pour un développement économique et social du pays à faible carbone, à l’horizon 2035, centrée sur 7 piliers d’intervention stratégique, dont 3 piliers sectoriels (agriculture, énergie e forêt) et 4 piliers habilitants (gouvernance, aménagement de territoire, reforme foncière et démographie)

Conserving Forests to Combat Climate Change

In December 2015, the Paris Agreement recognized the critical role of forests in combating climate change. This recognition included actions to halt and reverse the rate of deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, which have contributed up to 20 percent of annual greenhouse gas emissions. To assist countries in these actions, the agreement includes a framework of policies and incentives for reducing deforestation and forest degradation and increasing carbon storage in forests through conservation and sustainable management. This is known as REDD+, a mechanism that has evolved over a decade of discussions, research, and negotiations to become a key piece of the newly adopted climate architecture. The aim of REDD+ is to halt and reverse forest cover and carbon loss in developing countries by helping countries shift to low-emissions development pathways by increasing the value of healthy forests relative to other land uses. Achieving and sustaining the objectives of REDD+ requires the transformation of economic activities within and outside of forests, often referred to as the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. A solid understanding of REDD+ and the Paris Agreement is needed to accomplish these economic transformations and conserve forests as natural places, carbon stocks, and sustainable resources. This paper describes what REDD+ is, in a manner that is accessible to policy makers, scientists and civil society and in a form that is completely consistent with the UNFCCC decisions and agreements.

PROYECTO DE DOCUMENTO DE EXPECTATIVAS DE LA COP 21 DE PARÍS

La Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático de 2015 (COP21) es un momento fundamental. Los gobiernos han fijado diciembre de 2015 como plazo para ponerse de acuerdo sobre un nuevo régimen climático para después de 2020.

PROJET DE DOCUMENT SUR LES ATTENTES DE LA COP 21 DE PARIS

La conférence de l’ONU sur le changement climatique de 2015 qui se tiendra à Paris (COP21) est un moment charnière. Les États se sont fixé comme date limite décembre 2015 pour s’accorder sur un nouveau régime climat pour la période après 2020.

Expectations Paper COP21 Paris

The 2015 UN climate change conference in Paris (COP21) is a pivotal moment. Governments have set December 2015 as the deadline to agree on a new climate regime for 2020 onwards. This deal must give the world a fighting chance to avoid dangerous global temperature rises. Such an agreement needs to be fair, ambitious, and transformational. At the same time, COP21 provides an opportunity to showcase efforts that countries, the private sector, and civil society are making to combat climate change – and to accelerate and scale up these actions.

Florestas tropicais, mitigação e adaptação às mudanças climáticas

Os países estão buscando formas efetivas de redução da pressão humana que resulta em emissões de gases de efeito estufa, incluindo ações para controlar o desmatamento. \\r\\nHá convergência entre nações quanto a um objetivo comum: retardar, deter e reverter a perda de cobertura florestal e estoques de \\r\\ncarbono associados, considerando as circunstâncias nacionais.

General Overview on Co-benefits of REDD+ implementation

Tropical forests and climate change

UN-Klimakonferenz 2012 COP 18 in Doha, Katar Die Erwartungen des WWF

Linking Adaptation and Mitigation through Community Forestry: Case Studies from Asia

Safeguarding REDD+ Finance

Climate Change, REDD+ and Indigenous Peoples: Training Course for Indigenous Peoples

Composed of 5 training modules, this training course on Indigenous Peoples, Climate Change and REDD+ aims to enhance the capacity of indigenous leaders, educators and organizers to engage in national and international processes and mechanisms, particularly REDD+ and its repercussions.

Biodiversity and Livelihoods REDD-plus Benefits

The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für International Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) have published a booklet on ‘Biodiversity and Livelihoods.

La Diversidad Biológica y los Medios de Vida Beneficios de REDD-plus

The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für International Zusammenarbeit (giz) have published a booklet on ‘Biodiversity and Livelihoods.

Biodiversité et moyens de subsistance Les avantages REDD-plus

The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für International Zusammenarbeit (giz) have published a booklet on ‘Biodiversity and Livelihoods.

REDD-plus & Biodiversity e-Newsletter Special Issue

Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples, 2nd edition